simple nursing pharmacology

Patients who are taking macrolides should not be exposed under the sun. Our proven system has helped over 400,000 students achieve a overall pass rate of 96%. Anti-Retrovirals. Potential interaction with anticoagulants → bleed risk, 1st Gen: Cefazolin, cefadroxil, cephalexin (, 2nd Gen: Cefoxitin, cefprozil, cefuroxime, 3rd Gen: Ceftriaxone, cefixime, ceftazidime, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, ceftriaxone (. From this point forward, the world would never be the same as Fleming had came across a lab accident that would soon lead to the creation of penicillin. Sulfonamides: Used to be a highly utilized class of antibiotics but has fallen out of favor due to higher risk of hypersensitivity as well as a less favorable adverse effect profile. We still have a lot of antibiotics that we have discussed in our channel. Med of the Day Podcast (free) I LOVE podcasts. Here are the most commonly used abbreviations when preparing drugs: 5th Gen: Activity against MRSA, MSSA. The way nursing school approaches teaching pharmacology varies widely, but the subject matter remains the same. Vancomycin: A very commonly used medication prescribed empirically for the treatment of a variety of infections – especially those that are suspected to be gram-positive or containing MRSA. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/Vancomycin: Drug information. Within 30 minutes, fluoroquinolones can precipitate an immediate drop in blood pressure for as much as 15 points once it is administered, especially when these drugs are given through an intravenous line. Amoxicillin (Amoxil), Amoxicillin-clavulanate (. tendon rupture, QT prolongation) in elderly. 3 3 ANTICOAGULANTS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 4 ANTI-PLATELET ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 5 ANTI-DEPRESSANTS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 6 ANTI-NAUSEA ANTI-VERTIGO …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 7 BETA-BLOCKERS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 8 CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 9 CEPHALOSPORINS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 10 CORTICOSTERIODS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Antibiotic medications have numerous classes; therefore, remembering each antibiotic can be taxing. Pharmacokinetics is the study of the movement of drugs within the body, often described as "what the body does to a drug". On the other hand, Pepcid is primarily given to patients who are suffering from GI tract irritation. In every city or cell, there are gates that allow elements to enter or exit, like in the case of sodium-potassium exchange. 4th Gen: Improved gram negative and gram-positive coverage compared to 3rd gen, activity against P. aeruginosa and cephalosporin resistant bacteria. Aside from these organs, the kidneys are also directly affected by vasopressors. There are different pieces of information to know; some require straight … There are currently five generations of cephalosporins that are classified based on their spectrum of activity. This is done by taking the pressure off and blocking out the stimulus. Accessed April 3, 2020. 8 13 NEUROPATHIC PAIN MEDICATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 14 NON-STERIODAL ANTI- INFLAMMATORY AGENTS…………………………………………………………………………….. 9 15 QUINOLONES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Accessed April 3, 2020. Since the inception of penicillin researchers have developed many different drugs of various mechanisms. Nursing Pharmacology (Quick Study Academic) Inc. BarCharts. 22 to rent. Legionnaire’s disease), Respiratory infections: Often used as a monotherapy for pneumonia, Good option for resistant bacteria (e.g. When histamines are released, the appropriate response would be to block them immediately, asking them to calm down or take the chill pill; stop being so pissed off. Examples of these medications includes ciprofloxacin (Cipro), levofloxacin (Levaquin), and ofloxacin (Floxin). sulfonylureas, thiazides), Risk of serious hypersensitivity reactions – screen for sulfa allergies, Blood dyscrasia – fatalities associated with severe reactions including agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia, Hyperkalemia – caution in patients with heart conditions, Screen for true sulfa allergies – monitor for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity, “This medication has a serious risk of causing kidney damage – avoid NSAIDs like ibuprofen while taking this”, “This medication can cause QT prolongation – a serious heart condition so monitor for signs of increased heart rate while on this”, “This medication should not be taken with multivitamins, Tums, or Rolaids as they can decrease the effectiveness of the medication”, “Avoid any alcohol consumption with this medication as it can cause serious reactions”, Watch for interactions between certain medications with birth control (e.g. Accessed April 3, 2020. We are basically asking the blood vessels to relax and not be tensed. A hypotensive crisis is a situation wherein the body is losing a lot of blood drastically, which can either be caused by the following: Any of these events can lead to hypovolemic shock, which is a deficiency of blood or fluids within the vascular spaces. When reviewing various drugs, the commonly taught principle is that when a drug ends in certain suffixes like “–lol,” that’s automatically a beta-blocker, whereas medications that end in “–pine” are calcium channel blockers. Various penicillins like amoxicillin, nafcillin, and oxacillin were created which closely relate to penicillin specifically. It is important to take it easy when first starting on this medication. Written in the enjoyable, award-winning Incredibly Easy style, this easy … https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cephalosporins. Vasopressors are life-saving drugs that are commonly seen in an emergency setting. This Dosage Calculation NCLEX® Review aims to provide readers with an understanding of this topic in order to prepare nurses for the NCLEX® exam, as well as their daily responsibilities. Pepcid is commonly used for episodes of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) or gastritis, aiming to prevent any occurrence of peptic ulcers and decreasing acid production within the gastrointestinal tract. You can also visit Simple Nursing’s website and YouTube channel to check out other nursing-related topics. Before going into what antihistamines are, we must first understand what these drugs are blocking and how they affect the body. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/Azithromycin and clarithromycin. Atropine spikes the heart rate which is the exact opposite of what a calcium channel blocker does. Renal dosing adjustments required for clarithromycin, QT interval prolongation – increased risk of torsade de pointes, Azithromycin in patients with a history of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction, Monitor for signs of QT prolongation and risk of atrial fibrillation, Risk for tendinitis and tendon rupture in elderly and in renal impairment, Photosensitivity – avoid long exposure to sun or use sunscreen, Neurologic effects (e.g. Like most drugs, fluoroquinolones also has a distinct suffix that can also pinpoint medications belonging in this group. 3rd Gen: Weak against gram-positive bacteria but potent gram-negative antibiotics. Heart failure is a condition that is identified as the heart’s inefficiency to pump blood supply to various areas of the body adequately. Cephalosporins: Modeled off penicillins – cephalosporins have become among the most common antibiotics used today in various settings. Zithromax or Azithromycin, and erythromycin, and clarithromycin are macrolides. Much like any other vasopressors, the introduction of dopamine is going to prompt vasoconstriction, putting pressure on the vessels. This is the same with tetracycline – it should not be taken with food and milk. UpToDate. … E. coli, Klebsiella spp. Fluoroquinolones sound like Folklorico. For our next group of antibiotics, we’ll go into what sulfonamides (Bactrim) are, the indications, how the drug is given, and what to keep tabs on regarding side effects. The primary goal for the administration of dopamine is to increase blood pressure. Although, this is a routine procedure in hospitals and does not necessarily mean that the patient will have any allergic eruptions. For our next lecture, we’ll be focusing on the second vasopressor we’ve mentioned – norepinephrine (Levophed). Vasopressors are given especially during a hypotensive crisis. Learn the side effects based on the drug’s action.. Read … Learn the drugs based on their class. Below is a list of key nursing interventions to keep in mind when practicing in this field. Clinical Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy! You can remember this as: Blood pressure, on the other hand, is another priority when it comes to fluoroquinolones. It explains basic concepts of pharmacology and describes common medication classes. 10 16 SEDATIVES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 17 STATIN ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC AGENTS………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 18 Food and Drug Interaction Reference………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12, Posted on December 21, 2018 | by Mike Linares. Here, we are informing the sympathomimetic response of the sympathetic nervous system to calm down by instructing the heart not to contract. Gastrointestinal irritation or disturbances, especially with erythromycin. For this reason, it is crucial that practitioners understand that under dosing or overusing antibiotics can lead to resistance. Nursing Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy, 3rd Edition, provides the nursing student and practicing nurse with information about how drugs act and interact in the treatment of disease. We are also providing our members access to various nursing resources that can significantly help in their study habits, gaining an advantage in major exams, and even in the NCLEX®. This is especially true for penicillins with microbes that develop the ability to destroy the antibiotic before it can reach its target. Most penicillins can be taken with food to mitigate GI symptoms. Vasopressors are types of medications that exert pressure on the veins, on the vascular beds to promote vasoconstriction. Pharmacology doesn’t have to be a nightmare - Picmonic is here for you! There are a couple of things that you have to keep in mind when giving fluoroquinolones to patients. Make sure that you are assessing the patient for signs of increased blood pressure. Drop by Simple Nursing’s website and Youtube channel to check out more nursing-related topics. Tetracycline, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones are drugs that shouldn’t be taken with food. Pharmacology content is 6 hours. SimpleNursing membership offers: See how our members are earning a 96% pass rate. Ceftriaxone should not be reconstituted or mixed with a calcium-containing product (e.g. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/Aminoglycosides. In the year 1928 a researcher named Sir Alexander Fleming was studying petri dishes inoculated with colonies of Staphylococcus. Nursing Pharmacology by Chippewa Valley Technical College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Avoid use in patients with aortic aneurysms and those with risk factors for aneurysms including peripheral atherosclerotic vascular diseases, advanced age, and hypertension. Posted on November 23, 2018 | by Mike Linares. So, there are three types of medications that you can give to achieve this, namely: As mentioned, one of the main problems with heart failure is increased volume and resistance inside the blood vessels; therefore, it is necessary that this resistance is relieved through calcium channel blockers. ... For more topics related to respiratory pharmacology and nursing in general, drop by Simple Nursing… Normally the MAP is from 85 – 100. I’m going to say it again to let it really sink in… You … Histamines are like prostaglandins that cause pain, substance P, and COX-2. Copyright © 2020 SimpleNursing.com. To relate this to the cyclist analogy, when a person goes on a motorcycle or a bicycle, bugs tend to hit the windshield, or their helmets, or even the teeth, causing stains. UpToDate. This will be discussed in our next article. Patients who are taking the drug should not be exposed to sunlight, will have tooth stains, and should take the pill at least an hour before meals. That said, patients should limit their exposure to the sun while taking tetracycline. Anticoagulation is an essential service that is … However, if there are problems with the kidneys, the MAP will go below 65. Aside from boosting blood pressure, dopamine can also inadvertently increase heart rate. Calcium for the heart, on the other hand, has a similar effect because it can cause the vessels to become stiff which would add to the resistance if there’s pressure, leading to hypertension. Enough of that bit of background. This medication is often dosed based on the measurement of trough vancomycin concentrations in the serum. As a nursing student, you … Remember, macrolides usually end in “-romycin.”. penicillins, and tetracyclines), Double check before administration in pregnancy and lactation, No food when taking macrolides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones (generally okay to take with food for penicillins and sulfonamides), Avoid or limit alcohol consumption with antibiotics, Monitor troughs for aminoglycosides and vancomycin, Screen for risk of true allergies – understand the difference between adverse effects or allergies (rash, wheezing, dyspnea, swelling, etc. Abbreviations rule the medical world. – less effective against gram-positive bacteria. There are two important information that you need to impart to patients who are taking macrolides, namely: Food causes ineffective absorption of macrolides. As cephalosporin generations increase the risk of allergic reactions to people with penicillin allergies decreases. Examples includes erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin. To know more about fluoroquinolones and Cipro de Mayo, check out our Simple Nursing website and YouTube channel. Simple Nursing’s mentors cut the stress and confusion out of your studying with PROVEN teaching methods that guarantee understanding. you the Intensive Review in Pharmacology Workbook. This essential pharmacology reference focuses on the mechanisms of drug action; details specific drugs by pharmacologic class; reviews the nursing … Fluoroquinolones should not be taken with food. So far, there has never been a nursing question related to blood pressure that was given in the NCLEX® so far regarding blood pressure. Uncontrolled hypertension puts patients at an increased risk of having a serious cardiovascular disease including strokes, heart attacks, and even kidney failure. One of the nitpicky stuff about macrolides is that it will affect Coumadin’s effect on coagulation. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/penicillin-antistaphylococcal-penicillins-and-broad-spectrum-penicillins. 1,000+ videos. In this nursing pharmacology guide for student nurses, learn about the uses and nursing care plan considerations needed for patients taking antacids. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxole (co-trimoxazole): Drug information. Adverse effects do not result in a contraindication to this class of medications. Monitor pulmonary function and for signs of allergic reaction. Welcome to your NCLEX reviewer for drug calculations! Examples of these hormones includes cortisol and aldosterone which can impact several organ systems, the immune system, the metabolism, and importantly electrolyte balance. Don’t get confused with neomycin, clindamycin, and even gentamycin because all these are different.

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